Who owns the code when you pay someone to build an app?

You should own it outright, but UK law says otherwise by default. What to check in your contract, and the question to ask every supplier.

The App14 team1 min read

You should own it outright. Whether you do depends entirely on what your contract says, and the default position in UK law is probably not what you assume.

The short answer

Under UK law, copyright in commissioned software stays with the author by default. Paying for software does not automatically make you its owner. It has to be assigned to you in writing.

What this means in practice

If your contract is silent on intellectual property, the developer may own the copyright in what you paid for. You will usually have an implied licence to use it, but that is a much weaker position than ownership: it can limit what you do with it, and it can make moving to another developer legally messy.

This is not an obscure edge case. It is the default, and plenty of contracts do nothing to change it.

The three ownership models you will meet

ModelWhat you getWhat happens if you leave
Full assignmentOwnership of everythingYou take it all with you
Licence backA right to use itYou negotiate, or you rebuild
Silence in the contractAn implied licence, probablyLegally unclear, practically difficult

What to ask, and what to own

Ask every supplier this, and get it in writing:

"Does all intellectual property in the deliverables transfer to us, and does it transfer on creation rather than on final payment?"

The second half matters. Transfer on final payment sounds reasonable and leaves you owning nothing if a dispute happens mid-project, which is exactly when you need it.

Own all of these, not just the code

  • The source code and repository
  • The Apple Developer and Google Play accountsOwning code but not the store account still leaves you unable to ship an update.
  • The database and hosting account
  • The domain
  • The store listings and their historyReviews and ranking do not move with you.

Where we stand

You own all of it, from day one rather than on completion. The repository is created in your name, as are the developer accounts. There are no licence fees and nothing to renew.

We publish this because it is genuinely not universal, and because the question is easy to forget until the moment it becomes expensive. Our guarantee.

Common questions

Do I automatically own software I paid for?

No. Under UK law, copyright in commissioned software belongs to the author by default unless it is assigned to you in writing. Paying for it is not the same as owning it, and this surprises most people.

What should the contract say?

That all intellectual property in the deliverables is assigned to you, in writing, and ideally that it transfers on creation rather than on final payment. Ask for that wording specifically.

What else should I own besides the code?

The repository, the Apple and Google developer accounts, the domain, the database, and the store listings. Owning the code but not the accounts still leaves you unable to ship an update.

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About the author

The App14 team · Design and engineering, Appetite Studio

App14 is the 14-day app sprint run by Appetite Studio, a London-registered design and engineering studio. We design, build, and ship production iOS and Android apps in two weeks, at a published fixed price. Everything we write here comes out of work we have actually delivered: the prices are our real prices, the timelines are our real timelines, and the limits are the ones we genuinely hold to.

Our articles are drafted with AI assistance and reviewed by the App14 team before publication. The prices, timelines, delivery record, and client outcomes described are our own.

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